A macrolide antibiotic that acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Useful in distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 degrades neuropeptides in endosomes to control receptor recycling. Post-endocytic sorting of calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor and Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1. Additionally, Bafilomycin A1 prevents lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages and can be used to distinguish different types of ATPases. Research shows that Bafilomycin A1 can inhibit macroautophagy and promote apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

The inhibitors that act on the late stage of autophagy include chloroquine (CQ), bafilomycin A1, leupeptin, and pepstatin. These latter compounds either inhibit the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes or the degradation of autolysosomes.

Additional Information

Additional Information