Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, such as, Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in apples. It is used as an inhibitor of potassium uptake and as an inducer of ion flux across cell membranes, potentially involving Na+-K+ dependent ATPase and to induce intra- and intermolecular protein crosslinking. It is used to study patulin contamination of bottled wine, DNA-damaging activity of patulin in Escherichia coli, and molecular cloning and functional characterization of two CYP619 cytochrome P450s involved in biosynthesis of patulin in Aspergillus clavatus. Patulin Induces Apoptosis through ROSMediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway.

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